Acuaponia simbiótica. Fermentos y plantas en acuicultura
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La acuaponia simbiñotica es un término completamente nuevo. En principio, el nombre de esta variante podría parecer redundante ya que la propia tecnología acuapónica está fundamentada en la simbiosis entre plantas y animales acuáticos. Sin embargo, esta variante dista mucho de la acuaponía convencional y se centra en la utilización de microorganismos del agua y su efecto beneficioso en la parte animal y vegetal.
Principios de la acuaponia simbiótica
En acuaponia simbiótica, se trata de generar un cultivo acuícola simbiótico mediante la adición de fermentos activos en los tanques de peces o camarones. Estos fermentos se caracterizan por contener microorganismos probióticos. El agua, cuando pasa por la sección de producción acuícola es pues tratada con fermentos de salvado de arroz, soya, con melaza y cultivo de levaduras, tal como se hace en la novedosas tecnologías simbióticas. Algunos representantes son la tecnología biofloc, la tecnología aquamimicry o el Bocashi. Los distintos fermentos generan un agua de cultivo rica en ácidos orgánicos de cadena corta, enzimas, y bacterias beneficiosas tal como las pertenecientes al género Bacillus, Lactobacillus o Pediococcus.
Rol de los microorganismos en acuaponia simbiótica
La acción de las bacterias probióticas en el tracto digestivo de peces y camarones está ampliamente descrita. El gran descubrimiento reside en que esas mismas bacterias generan efectos enormemente beneficiosos en raíces de plantas de la parte hidropónica. En este sentido Lactobacillus sp y Bacillus sp ya habían sido probadas en la formulación de novedosos fertilizantes orgánicos de plantas como el famoso Bocashi , desarrollado por el profesor Teruo Higa y su equipo en la Universidad de Ryukus, Okinawa, Japón. La utilización de ácidos orgánicos de cadena corta y enzimas en el substrato donde crecen las raíces de las plantas genera un gran beneficio en la salud y crecimiento de las plantas. Sin embargo, el mayor beneficio es observable en el crecimiento de peces y camarones y en la disminución de las enfermedades. Por otra parte, la melaza y el propio salvado de cereales no dejan de ser una importante fuente de carbono. Esta permite la nitrificación del TAN del agua (total ammonium nitrogen) al balancear la proporción C:N por encima de 12:1, lo que permite la trasformación del amonio y amoniaco a nitrito y nitratos disponibles como fertilizante en la parte hidropónica.
Acoplamiento de la fase acuícola y la hidropónica en acuaponia simbiótica
En acuaponia simbiótica tendremos un cultivo simbiótico de peces o camarones sin recambio de agua. Los distintos fermentos y meraza pura nos ayudarán como fuente de carbono que son a que el amonio se transforme en nitrito y este en nitrato que es uno de los mejores fertilizantes para la parte vegetal. Para ello tambien necesitamos airear activamente la sección acuícola. Todas estas condiciones harán que se creen bioflóculos en el agua. Los bioflóculos supondrán un alimento excepcional para peces y camarones pero hay que evitar que pasen a la parte vegetal porque podrían tupir y asfixiar las raíces de las plantas. Para ello se propone colocar un filtro de tambor o de malla que recoja esos bioflóculos y los colecten. Los bioflóculos capturados se secarán y la harina de biofloc será un excelente alimento para otros animales, tanto terrestres como acuícolas. También es un excelente abono para cultivos vegetales tradicionales en tierra.
Conclusiones acerca de la acuaponia simbiótica
La pretensión que subyace en la acuaponia simbiótica, es obtener los beneficios de la acuicultura simbiótica en la acuaponia. Esta combinación es completamente nueva y queda todo por hacer a nivel de investigación y protocolos. Los ácidos orgánicos, las enzimas, el control de pH, los nutrienes en el agua y la fuente de carbono líquida son unos elementos que entran en juego con esta nueva combinación. Es pues nuestro trabajo desarrollar y explorar las reacciones y productos generados de esta combinación tecnología. Bioaquafloc sigue innovando en el campo acuícola con la simbiosis entre microorganismos y nuestro animal de cultivo como elemento central de esta tecnología. La revista divulgación acuícola también ofrece importante información en el campo de la acuaponia, le invitamos a leerla.
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Estimados,les escribo para ver si me pueden asesorar,estoy preparando un pequeño galpon para comenzar un proyecto de acuaponia y me intereso la acuoponia simbiotica.
admin
Estimado Josué,
Cómo está? esperamos que bien,
El curso de acuaponía simbiótica se dará en Febrero o Marzo, le estaremos avisando.
Un cordial saludo
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Genial!!